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Objective: To investigate the clinical features, diagnoses and treatments of head and neck occupying lesions in newborns. Methods: All newborns with head and neck occupying lesions admitted to Neonatel Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University form January 2014 to November 2019 were included. There were 23 males and 17 females, admission age was from 2 d-28 d, and the clinical manifestations, examinations, treatments and outcomes were evaluated. Results: Among 40 newborns with head and neck occupying lesions, 22 cases were admitted with dyspnea, 15 cases with masses in oral cavity or head and neck, 2 cases with fever as the first symptom, and 1 case with hoarseness as the first symptom. There were 5 cases with local infection. All cases were examined with local ultrasound and CT or MRI. Nine cases with severe dyspnea were treated with invasive ventilationm, of them 6 cases underwent invasive ventilation for more than 48 hours, 4 cases received tracheal intubation and artificial nose. Diagnostic punctures were performed in 2 cases. Seven cases received conservative treatments. Surgeries were performed in 31 cases, and 25 cases obtained pathologic diagnoses, including 3 cases of soft palate mature teratomas, 1 case of hard palate teratoma, 1 case of granulosa cell tumor, 1 case of lobulated spindle cell tumor in tongue base, 1 case of polyp in right glottis, 1 case of polyp at esophageal entrance, 4 cases of lingual root cysts, 1 case of laryngeal cyst, 2 cases of thyroglossal duct cysts, 2 cases of lymphangiomas, 1 case of lymphangioma with hibernoma, 1 case of tracheal cyst, 1 case of esophageal cyst, 3 cases of left neck abscesses, 1 case of occipital hemangioma, and 1 case of left temporoparietal abscess. Conclusions: The head and neck occupying lesions in the newborn is prone to upper airway obstruction. Imaging examination can assist the diagnosis. Different treatments can be selected according to the natures of occupying lesions.
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Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Dermoid Cyst , Lymphangioma , Neck , Teratoma/therapy , Thyroglossal CystABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the applicability of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method in occupational health risk assessment in domestic waste incineration industry. MethodsThe flue gas purification system in a domestic waste incineration plant was selected as the study subject. The risk assessment of chemical hazards were conducted using semi-quantitative comprehensive index method in the “Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the workplace” （GBZ/T 298—2017）. ResultsThe occupational health risk levels of hydrogen chloride， sulfur dioxide and activated carbon were low while using flue gas purification system， while the risk levels of lead and lead compounds， cadmium and cadmium compounds， ammonia and sodium hydroxide were medium. ConclusionThe assessment results of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method are basically consistent with the current situation of occupational health risk of flue gas purification system in a domestic waste incineration plant， which can provide the basis for enterprises to take occupational health risk control measures.
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ObjectiveTo explore the applicability of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method in occupational health risk assessment in domestic waste incineration industry. MethodsThe flue gas purification system in a domestic waste incineration plant was selected as the study subject. The risk assessment of chemical hazards were conducted using semi-quantitative comprehensive index method in the “Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the workplace” （GBZ/T 298—2017）. ResultsThe occupational health risk levels of hydrogen chloride， sulfur dioxide and activated carbon were low while using flue gas purification system， while the risk levels of lead and lead compounds， cadmium and cadmium compounds， ammonia and sodium hydroxide were medium. ConclusionThe assessment results of semi-quantitative comprehensive index method are basically consistent with the current situation of occupational health risk of flue gas purification system in a domestic waste incineration plant， which can provide the basis for enterprises to take occupational health risk control measures.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, and its high mortality rate is closely associated with the unsatisfactory diagnostic and monitoring methods for HCC at present. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development and progression of HCC, and their abnormal expression is a common phenomenon in HCC pathology; in addition, miRNAs can be released into the circulating blood and remain stable in blood. By reviewing the research advances in the role of miRNAs in HCC, it is pointed out that miRNAs are expected to become potential markers for the early diagnosis, monitoring and treatment, and prognostic evaluation of HCC, and this article also analyzes related issues in the clinical verification of such potential markers.
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Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Shugan Wendan decoction in treating atherosclerosis based on liver X receptor α(LXRα)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signal. Method:A New Zealand rabbit model of atherosclerosis with liver-Qi stagnation was established by using calf serum albumin immune injury, high fat feeding and bondage emotional stress method. Theses rabbits are randomly divided into 6 groups, control group,model group, atorvastatin group, Shugan Wendan decoction low, medium and high dose group(2.18,6.54,19.62 g·kg-1·d-1). After successful modeling, the rabbits were treated by injecting drugs with Atorvastatin and low, middle and high dose Shugan Wendan decoction to gastric.The control group and the model group were given intragastric administration of saline in the same volume. The period of gavage is 6 weeks. The pathological changes of the rabbits were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.Serum levels of totalcholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG),low density extremityprotein(LDL-C), high density extremity protein(HDL-C), nitric oxide(NO), and endothelin-1(ET-1) of the rabbits were detected by enzyme method, nitrate reductase method, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), respectively.The gene expression of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-9 in the aorta was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) method.The protein expression of LXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway wasdetected by Western blot. Result:Compared with normal control group, in model group, the lumen of the blood vessels was significantly narrowed, atheromatous plaques were formed, and a large number of intracellular foam-like changes were seen. In atorvastatin group and Shugan Wendan decoction group, the blood vessels in high, middle, and low concentration groups were narrowed. Atherosclerotic plaques and foam-like changes were all lower than the model group.Compared with the normal control group, the TG, TC, and LDL-C levels in the model groupincreased(PPPPβ, IL-6 and MMP-9 all increased(Pα protein in the model group was decreased(PκB was increased(PPPβ, IL-6 and MMP-9 in the atorvastatin group,the low, middle and high dose Shugan Wendan decoction groups all decreased(Pα protein in the group was increased(PκB was decreased(PConclusion:Shugan Wendan decoction can inhance the function of vascular endothelial cells and the stability of atherosclerotic plaque by regulating LXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the value of F-actin autoantibodies in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and to explore the relationships between F-actin autoantibodies and other clinical indicators.Methods ELISA was established to detect serum levels of F-actin autoantibodies in 93 inpatients with SLE from March 2017 to January 2018 (case group,n=93),72 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (disease control group) and 83 healthy subjects (healthy control group) were included during the same period.The positive rates of F-actin autoantibodies between the case group and the two control group were compared.Clinical data including SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI),immuno-globulin (lg)G,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),anti-dsDNA,and antinuclear antibody (ANA) of 93 patients with SLE were collected and the correlation analysis between F-actin autoantibodies units was applied respectively.The diagnostic performance of F-actin autoantibodies in SLE was analyzed by using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).T test,Chi-square test and Spearman/Pearson correlation analysis were applied for statistical analysis.Results The serum levels of F-actin autoantibodies in the SLE case group,disease control group,and healthy control group were (18±13),(12±6),and (11±5) U,respectively,the differences between SLE case group and disease control group,and healthy control group were significant (t=3.163,P=0.001 9;t=4.436,P＜0.01).The positive rates of F-actin autoantibodies were 33％(31/93) in patients with SLE,10％(7/72) in disease control group,and 4％(3/83) in healthy control group.The F-actin autoanti-bodies units in SLE were correlated with SLEDAI,IgG,ESR,anti-dsDNA,and ANA (r=0.273 7,P=0.008 3;r=0.558 7,P＜0.01;r=0.419 9,P=0.000 1,r=0.351 4,P=0.001 1,r=0.460 9,P＜0.01),in which F-actin autoantibodies units showed significant correlation with IgG and ANA.In the ROC curve,the area under the curve(AUC) was 0.62 [95％CI(0.54,0.70)],P=0.001 3.which was statistically significant.When the cut-off value of the F-actin autoantibodies was 14.04 U,the Youden's index (YI) was the largest (YI=0.30),and the sen-sitivity for the diagnosis of SLE was 0.77,the specificity was 0.53.Conclusion The positive rate of F-actin autoantibodies in the serum of patients with SLE is higher than that of RA and healthy controls,so it has certain diagnostic value for SLE.The F-actin autoantibodies units is correlated with both SLEDAI,ESR,and anti-dsDNA,suggesting that F-actin autoantibodies units may be a new biomarker for disease activity assessment of SLE patients.
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Objective To investigate the impact of microvascular decompression surgery on quality of life in patients with hemifacial spasm. Methods A clinical data collection of 224 adult patients with hemifacial spasm treated by the surgery was conducted from 2012 to 2017. The degree of spasm and effect of the operation was evaluated by Co-hen grading standard before and after the surgery. The quality of life was evaluated by the HFS-8 scale. The results were statistically analyzed. Results According to Cohen grading standard, symptoms were improved significantly 6 months after the surgery. The effective remission rate and the total effective rate of the surgery were 92.7% and 97.6% respectively. The score of HFS-8 scale was significantly lower than before treatment (2.71±3.25 vs 18.01± 4.57, P＜0.05) ; The scores were significantly different before and after the surgery in patients with different de-grees of remission, except for the " invalid" group ( P=0.071) ; The scores of patients with different strengths of the spasm were significantly improved ( P＜0.05) , and the Pearson correlation coefficient suggested that the HFS-8 score was significantly correlated with the severity of the spasm. Conclusions Microvascular decompression is one of the preferred treatment of hemifacial spasm, which can effectively improve the the quality of life in patients with hemifacial spasm.
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Objective To understand the characteristics of patients with hematological illness and chronic subdural hematoma.,and the effect of blood disease on the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. To guide the treatment of patients who both with hematological illness and chronic subdural hematoma. Methods Through a retrospective study of the cases of chronic subdural hematoma from January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2017 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, the following items were investigated. 1).According to whether or not they were associated with blood disorders, the collected cases were divided into the blood disorders group and the non-blood disorders group. And the clinic data of the sex composition, average ages, treatment effect and mortality were compared. 2). Ac-cording to the treatment, the cases with blood disease were divided into the surgical group and the conservative group. And the treatment effect and mortality were compared. Results A total of 433 patients with chronic subdural hematoma were included in this study, including 35 patients associated with hematological illness. 1) Compared to the controls group, the patients group was younger( P＜0.01) ;the male ratio was lower ( P＜0.01) ; the treatment effect was lower( P＜0.001) and the mortality was higher( P＜0.001) . 2) Within the patients with hematological illness, the surgical group had the better treatment effect(78.9% vs 31.3%,P＜0.01) and the lower mortality (15.8% vs 50.0%,P＜0.05). Conclusions 1)The hematological illness group is younger and the male ratio is lower than the non-hematological illness group; 2) The hematological illness is a risk factor for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma; 3) The patients who both with the hematological illness and the chronic subdural he-matoma should be treated by surgery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the subchronic oral toxicity of silica nanoparticles (NPs) and silica microparticles (MPs) in rats and to compare the difference in toxicity between two particle sizes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the control group; the silica NPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups; and the silica MPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups [166.7, 500, and 1,500 mg/(kg•bw•day)]. All rats were gavaged daily for 90 days, and deionized water was administered to the control group. Clinical observations were made daily, and body weights and food consumption were determined weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 91 for measurement of hematology and clinical biochemistry. Animals were euthanized for necropsy, and selected organs were weighed and fixed for histological examination. The tissue distribution of silicon in the blood, liver, kidneys, and testis were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, necropsy findings, and organ weights. Differences between the silica groups and the control group in some hematological and clinical biochemical values and histopathological findings were not considered treatment related. The tissue distribution of silicon was comparable across all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study demonstrated that neither silica NPs nor silica MPs induced toxicological effects after subchronic oral exposure in rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Administration, Oral , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Nanoparticles , Toxicity , Particle Size , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Silicon Dioxide , Toxicity , Toxicity Tests, SubchronicABSTRACT
Objective To detect the expression of microRNA(miR)-199 in gastric carcinoma tissues and cell lines, and further explore the effect and molecular mechanism of miR-199 on the proliferation and migration of gastric carcinoma cell lines. Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerse chain reaction was used to detect the expression of miR-199 in gastric carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue obtained from 51 patients and in gastric carcinoma cell lines and human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. The gastric carcinoma cell lines over-expressing and low-expressing miR-199 were established to detect their proliferation and migration abilities. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect the regulatory effect of miR-199 on the 3'untranslated region of TBL1XR1. Western blot was used to explore the miR-199-related mechanism. Results The relative expression of miR-199 in gastric carcinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in the adjacent normal tissue (0.2635±0.0303 vs. 1.6700±0.9613, t=13.95, P<0.001). The relative expressions of miR-199 in gastric carcinoma cell lines AGS (0.81, t=9.13, P<0.001), SGC-7901 (0.83, t=8.88, P<0.001), MKN28 (0.58, t=10.80, P<0.001), KATO-3 (0.60, t=10.31, P<0.001), MKN-45 (0.27, t=13.10, P<0.001) were significantly lower than that in the normal gastric cell line GES-1 (2.1). In miR-199 over-expressed cell lines, the cell proliferation and migration significantly decreased as compared with the control group of gastric carcinoma cells (731±13 vs. 345±18, t=24.90, P<0.001), and in miR-199 low-expressed group, the cell proliferation and migration increased compared with the control group of gastric carcinoma cells (257±16 vs. 657±8, t=32.59, P<0.001). Dual-luciferase reporter assay proved that miR-199 directly targeted on the 3' untranslated region of TBL1XR1. Western blot analysis showed that miR-199 inhibited the expression of TBL1XR1. Conclusion The over-expression of miR-199 in gastric carcinoma is associated with the decreased ability of proliferation and migration of gastric carcinoma cells by targeting TBL1XR1.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-proliferative effects of saponins prepared from Plena Clematis (PC) cultured in Fujian Province, China on 4 human tumor cell lines and its possible anti-tumor mechanism.@*METHODS@#The growth inhibition assays of saponins on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line (EC9706), human hepatoma cell line (HepG-2), human oral cancer cell line (KB) and human gastric cancer cell line (BGC-823) were evaluated in vitro by thiazolyl blue (MTT) method. The inhibitory effects on EC9706 treated with different concentrations of saponins (15.62, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL) were performed in vitro by MTT method. The morphology and nuclear staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide of EC9706 cells treated with saponins were illustrated under an inverted phase fluorescence microscope. The apoptotic effects of saponins were further evaluated by annexin-V/propidium iodide dual staining experiment to examine the occurrence of phosphatidylserine externalization onto the cell surface by a flflow cytometer.@*RESULTS@#MTT assay showed that the saponins could inhibit the proliferation of 4 tumor cell lines. Among them, the maximum inhibition rate of 73.1% was detected in EC9706 cells at the saponins concentration of 250 μg/mL for 24 h. Further investigation indicated that the saponins induced EC9706 cells apoposis. The EC9706 cells presented apoptotic characteristics when treated with saponins, including that the morphologies of EC9706 cells were appeared round-shaped with higher refraction, and the cell nuclear stained orange with EB after 250 μg/mL saponins exposure. The flow cytometry analysis results showed that the induction of cell cycle arrest in apoptotic system may participate in the anti-proliferative activity of saponins on EC9706 cells.@*CONCLUSION@#The saponins from PC exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human EC9706, KB, BGC-823, and HepG-2 cells and might be beneficial to development of ethnic pharmaceutical plant for potential anti-tumor drugs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Clematis , Chemistry , Saponins , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze diagnostic value of Copenhagen Index based on pretreatment serum CA125, HE4 and age in differentiating benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data were analyzed for 208 consecutive patients with epithelial ovarian tumors (including 100 with malignant and 108 with benign tumors) treated in our department between September, 2014 and September, 2016. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was drawn based on the golden standard of pathological diagnosis for calculation of the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of CA125, HE4 and the Copenhagen Index.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the overall cases, early stage cases and advanced stage cases, the prediction probabilities of CA125, HE4 and Copenhagen Index were all significantly higher for malignant than in benign tumors (P<0.001). The sensitivities of CA125, HE4, Copenhagen Index for differentiating benign and malignant tumors were 81.0%, 86.0% and 91.0% in the overall cases, 64.0%, 68.0% and 72.0% in early stage cases, and 86.7%, 92.0% and 97.3% in advanced stage cases, and their diagnostic specificities were 88.0%, 93.5% and 96.3%, respectively. Copenhagen Index had the highest diagnostic sensitivity (but not in early stage cases) and specificity followed by HE4 and then by CA125 (P<0.001) (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Copenhagen Index combined with CA125, HE4 and age hase better diagnostic value than HE4 or CA125 alone for differentiation between benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors, and can be used clinically to improve the early diagnostic rate of epithelial ovarian cancer.</p>
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Huperzine A is a potent,reversible,and blood-brain barrier permeable acetylcholinesterase irhibitor.The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics,tolerability,and bioavailability of two formulations with the established reference formulation of huperzine A in a fasting,healthy Chinese male population.This was a randomized,single-dose,3-period,6-sequence crossover study.The plasma concentrations of huperzine A were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Tolerability was assessed based on subject interview,vital sign monitoring,physical examination,and routine blood and urine tests.The mean (SD) pharmacokinetic parameters of the reference drug were Cmax,1.550 (0.528) ng/mL;t1/2,12.092 (1.898) h;AUC0-72h,17.550 (3.794) ng.h/mL.Those of the test formulation A and test formulation B were Cmax,1.412 (0.467),1.521 (0.608) ng/mL;t1/2,12.073 (2.068),12.271 (1.678) h;AUC0-72h,15.286 (3.434) ng.h/mL,15.673 (3.586) ng.h/mL.The 90％ confidence intervals for the AUC0-72h and Cmax were between 0.80 and 1.25.No adverse events were reported by the subjects or found with results of clinical laboratory test.The test and reference products met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in these fasting,healthy Chinese male volunteers.All three formulations appeared to be well tolerated.
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Simulation models are necessary for testing the performance of newly developed approaches before they can be applied to interpreting experimental data, especially when biomedical signals such as surface electromyogram (SEMG) signals are involved. A new and easily implementable surface EMG simulation model was developed in this study to simulate multi-channel SEMG signals. A single fiber action potential (SFAP) is represented by the sum of three Gaussian functions. SFAP waveforms can be modified by adjusting the amplitude and bandwidth of the Gaussian functions. SEMG signals were successfully simulated at different detected locations. Effects of the fiber depth, electrode position and conduction velocity of SFAP on motor unit action potential (MUAP) were illustrated. Results demonstrate that the easily implementable SEMG simulation approach developed in this study can be used to effectively simulate SEMG signals.
Subject(s)
Action Potentials , ElectrodesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on apoptosis, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>cervical cancer cell lines Hela and Siha in logarithmic phase were treated different concentrations of DHA. The morphological changes of the cells were observed microscopically and cell apoptosis was observed using Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of DHA in suppressing cell growth, and flow cytometry was employed to analyze the changes of cell apoptotic rate following DHA stimulations. Wound healing assay and Transwell migration assay were used to evaluate the migration of the cell lines. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 cleaved caspase3, MMP-9 and VEGF proteins were detected by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DHA exposure of the cells caused obvious morphological changes and dose-dependently increased the number of apoptotic bodies in the cells. MTT assay showed that DHA inhibited the growth of the cancer cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. DHA also effectively suppressed migration and invasion of the cancer cells. The cells exposed to DHA showed significantly down-regulation of Bcl-2, MMP-9 and VEGF proteins and up-regulation of cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DHA can promote cervical carcinoma cell apoptosis by down-regulating the anti-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase3 and suppress cell invasion by decreasing MMP-9 and VEGF expressions.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Apoptosis , Caspase 3 , Metabolism , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Docosahexaenoic Acids , Pharmacology , Down-Regulation , HeLa Cells , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Metabolism , Up-Regulation , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Pathology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the net health effect caused by the consumption of specific marine species based on Benefit-Risk Analysis for Foods (BRAFO)-tiered approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty species were collected from the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. Concentrations of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, methyl mercury (MeHg), and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in the samples were analyzed for benefit risk assessment based on BRAFO-tiered approach.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the BRAFO-tiered approach, reference scenario (no intake) and alternative scenario (intake of specific species of 200 g/week) were determined. The exposure to MeHg/DLCs via alternative scenario of all studied species did not exceed provisional tolerable weekly/monthly intake. However, the adult population with high DLCs exposure in China would significantly exceed the upper limit of DLCs via an additional alternative scenario of some species such as Auxis thazard. The results of deterministic computation showed that alternative scenario of all studied species generated clear net beneficial effects on death prevention and child IQ gain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The alternative scenario of all studied species could be recommended to population with average DLCs exposure, and the reference scenario of species with relatively high DLCs concentration could be recommended to population exposed to high DLCs.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , China , Dioxins , Environmental Pollutants , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Fishes , Methylmercury Compounds , Risk Assessment , Seafood , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
A new method based on convolution kernel compensation (CKC) for decomposing multi-channel surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals is proposed in this paper. Unsupervised learning and clustering function of self-organizing map (SOM) neural network are employed in this method. An initial innervations pulse train (IPT) is firstly estimated, some time instants corresponding to the highest peaks from the initial IPT are clustered by SOM neural network. Then the final IPT can be obtained from the observations corresponding to these time instants. In this paper, the proposed method was tested on the simulated signal, the influence of signal to noise ratio (SNR), the number of groups clustered by SOM and the number of highest peaks selected from the initial pulse train on the number of reconstructed sources and the pulse accuracy were studied, and the results show that the proposed approach is effective in decomposing multi-channel sEMG signals.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Cluster Analysis , Electromyography , Neural Networks, ComputerABSTRACT
Ribavirin is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent and glycyrrhizin has activities of anti-inflammation, immunoregulation and anti-viral infections. To enhance antiviral efficacy and weaken side-effects of ribavirin, antiviral effects of the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin were studied in the present study. Firstly, a mouse model of viral pneumonia was established by inoculation of influenza H1N1 virus. Protective effects of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin used alone or in combination against H1N1 virus infection in mice were evaluated based on the survival rate, lung index and virus titer in lungs of mice. Results showed that the combination of glycyrrhizin and ribavirin significantly inhibited the lung consolidation with a 36% inhibition ratio on the lung swell of infected mice. The combination of the two drugs exhibited synergetic effects on survival of infected mice. The combination of 50 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) glycyrrhizin and 40 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) ribavirin resulted a 100% protection for infected mice with a synergetic value of 36, which was significantly higher than the control group and each drug alone. This combination also resulted a significant drop of lung virus titer (P < 0.01), as well as inhibition on the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.01) and IL-1β (P < 0.05) induced by virus infection compared to the control. The treatment of ribavirin plus glycyrrhizin was more effective in influenza A infection in mice than either compound used alone, which suggested a potential clinical value of the combination of the two agents.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antiviral Agents , Pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Synergism , Drug Therapy, Combination , Glycyrrhizic Acid , Pharmacology , Inflammation , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Interleukin-1beta , Allergy and Immunology , Interleukin-6 , Allergy and Immunology , Lung , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections , Drug Therapy , Pneumonia, Viral , Drug Therapy , Ribavirin , Pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
This study is designed to evaluate antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of corn tassel extracts (CTTs). The major bioactive components of CTTs include flavonoid, saponin and polysaccharide. The antioxidant properties of the three bioactive components of CTTs were investigated by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Property (FRAP) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The activities of the extracts were determined by assessing the inhibition of mutagenicity of the direct-acting mutagen fenaminosulf, sodium azide, and indirect-acting mutagen 2-aminofluorene using the Ames test (strains TA98 and TA100). The results showed that the extraction rates of flavonoid, saponin, and polysaccharide from the dried corn tassels were 1.67%, 2.41% and 4.76% respectively. DPPH and FRAP assay strongly demonstrated that CTTs had antioxidant properties. CTTs at doses of 625, 1250 and 2500 μg per plate reduced 2-aminofluorene mutagenicity by 12.52%, 28.76% and 36.49% in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain assay respectively and by 10.98%, 25.27% and 37.83%, at the same doses in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 assay system, respectively. 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the different concentrations of CTTs inhibited the proliferation of MGC80-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). It is concluded that these integrated approaches to antioxidant and antigenotoxicity assessment may be useful to study corn tassel as a natural herbal material.
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This study is designed to evaluate antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of corn tassel extracts (CTTs). The major bioactive components of CTTs include flavonoid, saponin and polysaccharide. The antioxidant properties of the three bioactive components of CTTs were investigated by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Property (FRAP) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The activities of the extracts were determined by assessing the inhibition of mutagenicity of the direct-acting mutagen fenaminosulf, sodium azide, and indirect-acting mutagen 2-aminofluorene using the Ames test (strains TA98 and TA100). The results showed that the extraction rates of flavonoid, saponin, and polysaccharide from the dried corn tassels were 1.67%, 2.41% and 4.76% respectively. DPPH and FRAP assay strongly demonstrated that CTTs had antioxidant properties. CTTs at doses of 625, 1250 and 2500 μg per plate reduced 2-aminofluorene mutagenicity by 12.52%, 28.76% and 36.49% in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain assay respectively and by 10.98%, 25.27% and 37.83%, at the same doses in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 assay system, respectively. 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the different concentrations of CTTs inhibited the proliferation of MGC80-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). It is concluded that these integrated approaches to antioxidant and antigenotoxicity assessment may be useful to study corn tassel as a natural herbal material.